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Deutsche Institutionen in Istanbul in den Jahren 1933 bis 1944

Die Geschichte deutscher Gemeinden im Ausland während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus ist Gegenstand fundierter Untersuchungen. Entfernt von abstrakter Theoriebildung betrachtet der Vortrag die soziale Praxis vor Ort und liefert einen Überblick über die einsetzenden Prozesse in deutschen Institutionen im Zeitraum von 1933 bis 1944.

Mit der nationalsozialistischen »Machtergreifung« im Jahr 1933 wurden alle staatlichen Einrichtungen des Deutschen Reiches »gleichgeschaltet«. Dies betraf ebenso die Einrichtungen im Ausland wie das Deutsche Archäologische Institut in Istanbul. Die Untersuchung der Geschichte der Abteilung eröffnete auf der Basis des vorliegenden Aktenmaterials Einblick in die sich verändernde auswärtige Kulturpolitik unter dem NS-Regime. Damit einher ging die Instrumentalisierung des Institutes als auch der wissenschaftlichen Disziplin zugunsten der nationalsozialistischen Propaganda.

Der Vortrag betrachtet darüber hinaus nicht nur die Implementierung von NS-Strukturen und Gedankengut in weiteren deutschen Einrichtungen sondern auch den Prozess der Vereinnahmung sowie die aktive Mitwirkung lokaler Akteure der Deutschen Gemeinde in Istanbul, die sich mit dem NS-Staat arrangierten. Jene Akteure in der Metropole am Bosporus zeigten in ihren Entscheidungen ein ambivalentes Verhalten, das zwischen diplomatischem Geschick im türkischen Umfeld sowie Loyalität gegenüber dem nationalsozialistischem Regime rangierte.

Lebenslauf Daniel Bauer

Der gebürtige Oberpfälzer studierte in Erlangen Geschichte, Germanistik und Philosophie sowie an der University of Liverpool in Großbritannien. Von 2010 bis 2012 absolvierte er sein Referendariat für das gymnasiale Lehramt im bayerischen Staatsdienst in der fränkischen Metropolregion Nürnberg und Fürth. Seine Promotion im Fach „Neuere und neueste Geschichte“ über die „Nationalsozialistische Herrschaft in Stadt und Land Rothenburg ob der Tauber 1933-1945. Eine regionalgeschichtliche Untersuchung“ schloss er im Jahr 2013 ab und begann als Bundesprogrammlehrkraft über die Zentralstelle für das Auslandsschulwesen seine Lehrtätigkeit als Gymnasiallehrer am Istanbul Erkek Lisesi in Sultan Ahmed. Seit September 2017 wirkt er in den Fächern Geschichte und Deutsch als Auslandsdienstlehrkraft des Bundes als Lehrer an der Deutschen Schule in Ankara.

Abstract:

This talk presents a newly published edited volume about debates on language policy and planning in the Republic of Turkey. The eight chapters deal with various aspects related to both the official language Turkish and the other languages used in Turkey, whether autochthonous minority languages or languages that have recently become important through migration. For their analyses, the authors, coming from different disciplinary backgrounds like Turkology, political science or history, use methods like discourse analysis, mixed-method approaches or concepts from the field of linguistic landscapes research.

Topics include re-evaluations of the Turkish Language Reform of the 1920s and 1930s, analyses of debates concerning the Turkish language in connection with questions of gender, loanwords and use in political speeches, the language on public and private signs, demands raised in connection with the so-called “Democratic Opening” initiated in 2009 or the migration of refugees from Syria since 2011. Attention to current developments also provides new perspectives on the early phase of language policy in Turkey and the question whether such developments can be seen as continuities or discontinuities. In any case, this book makes an engaging contribution to what seems to be “a never-ending story”.

About the speakers:

Prof. Jens Peter Laut studied comparative religion, Turkish studies and Indian studies at the Universities of Marburg and Giessen. In 1980, he obtained his M.A. degree with a Master’s thesis on “Buddhist Ideas of Hell (with Special Reference to Old Turkish Texts)”. From 1980 until 1984, he was engaged in the project “Loanwords of Indic Origin in Old Turkish” at the University of Giessen. In February 1985, his dissertation in Turkish Studies on “The Uighur Text ‘Maitrisimit’ and Its Importance for the Early History of Turkish Buddhism” was accepted by the University of Giessen. From 1985 until 1988, he was engaged in a project at the University of Tübingen (“The Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East”, TAVO) and published two historical maps of the Ottoman Empire and a book on “Asia Minor in the 17^th Century”. From June 1989 until December 1991, he received a post-doctoral scholarship from the DFG. He submitted his habilitation thesis on “Language Reform in Modern Turkey” in 1993 to the University of Göttingen. This degree was granted in November 1993. From 1996 to 2008, he was Professor of Islamic studies/Turkology at the University of Freiburg. Since October 2008, he has been Professor and Director of the Department of Turkology and Central Asian Studies at the University of Göttingen.

Dr. Ruth Bartholomä has been a research fellow at the Orient-Institut Istanbul since October 2019. She studied Islamic studies and Slavic studies at the University of Freiburg (Germany), spent one year at the University of Samarqand (Uzbekistan) and graduated from the University of Freiburg in 2005 with a thesis on the Hungarian Turkologist Arminius Vámbéry (1832–1913). In 2011, she received her PhD in Turkology from the University of Giessen (Germany) with a thesis on phenomena of language change in the lexis of the Tatar literary language between the end of the 19^th and the beginning of the 21^st centuries. From 2012 to 2014, she was interim professor for Islamic studies/Turkology at the University of Freiburg where she held the position of a “junior professor” from April 2014 to September 2019. Her research focuses on sociolinguistics. Currently she is conducting a research project on language policy and planning in the Republic of Turkey after 1980.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: To attend this online lecture via Zoom, prior registration is necessary: Please send an email specifying your name and academic affiliation to events@oiist.net by 17 January 2022 (Monday) at the latest. For technical reasons, the number of participants is limited. You will be informed about the organizational and technical procedure before the lecture starts.

As is the case with many other former Ottoman regions, Romania’s relation with its imperial Ottoman legacy is a complex, multilayered, contradictory, and ambiguous one. These ambiguities seem to permeate almost every aspect of 19^th and 20^th century’s Romanian culture and society in the constructivist spirit of searching for roots while building a new and modern nation state. However, the double role of being both subject and agent of an Orientalist gaze becomes even more apparent in visual culture. Artists Carol Popp de Szathmary (1812-1887), born and educated in Habsburg Transylvania, and Theodor Aman (1831-1891), the descendent of an Aromanian merchant from Oltenia, represent two of the kaleidoscopic discourses on what was perceived and constructed as Oriental in 19^th century Romania. Both used various artistic mediums and techniques in their work, cultivated a tight knit relationship with Romanian central authorities and nationalists, and were quite adept in what would today be called marketing strategies. This talk will address the complexities of their artworks as products of social representations of history (Pascal Ory) making use of specific conventions of representation (Peter Burke) that mediate a certain text as image/image as text approach to art.

Dr. Roxana Coman is a museologist working in the Modern and Contemporary History department of the Bucharest Municipality Museum. She studied Art History and Romanian Modern History at the University of Bucharest, with a BA and MA in Art History and a PhD in History. Volunteering during her BA and MA studies in the National Museum of Art of Romania, she has pursued since 2016 a career in the Bucharest Municipality Museum as both a museum educator and a curator.

Her research interests cover a broad and interconnected spectrum of topics ranging from the history of Romanian collections and nationalism, the cultural history of emotions, oriental representations in Romanian Modern Art, Ottoman material culture in the two former provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia, to Ottoman residential architecture. Exploring in her PhD the various narratives and representations of what was constructed as Oriental vs Romanian during the 19^th century by drawing on a great variety of sources, she continued to research the dynamic between the presence of Ottoman material culture in Wallachia and Moldavia, and the strategies of the national state of Romania to deal with its Ottoman legacy.